Constitution vests legislative power in a national parliament of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of People), the lower house, the Rajya Sabha (Council of States), the upper house. The Lok Sabha consists of 545 members directly elected by universal adult suffrage, with the exception of the two members appointed by the president as a representative of the Anglo-Indian community. The number of seats that each state and territory of the Union is in proportion to the population. The term of the Lok Sabha is limited to five years, but the president may dissolve the house on the advice of the Prime Minister, or the defeat of major legislation, as proposed by the government. A provision of the constitution that was intended for a duration of ten years, but which is consistently expanded, attracts reserved seats to the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in proportion to their share of the population.

members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the state legislative assemblies, except for 12 presidential candidates who have special knowledge or practical experience in the field of literature, art, science or social services. The elected members are chosen through a system of proportional representation for a term of six years, one third of the Rajya Sabha is elected every two years. A two-thirds majority is required for a number of constitutional changes, a number of changes to ratification by half of the states.

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Legislature