Muslim and Mongol Invaders
By the 10th century began Muslims Turkish invasion India , which the Islamic religion India < / St1: country-region>. The Ghaznavids , a dynasty from eastern Afghanistan , began a series of raids in the northwest of India at the end of the 10th century. Mahmud of Ghazni, the most notable ruler of this dynasty, were many of the current state of Uttar Pradesh. Mahmud not attempt the Indian territory, with the exception of the Punjab area, which it annexed before his death in 1030.
A Slightly more than a century after the death of Mahmud, his magnificent capital of Ghazni was destroyed in the war between rivals within Afghanistan . In 1175 one of the successors of Mahmud Dismembered The Rijk, the Islamic conqueror Muhammad of Ghur , began his conquest of North - India . Within 20 years he had already conquered in the north of India , including the Bengal region. In 1206 Qutubuddin Aybak, one of Mohammed Ghur of the generals, founder of the Delhi Sultanate with its capital in Delhi and began to Slave Dynasty . Also in 1206 Genghis Khan united the Mongol tribes and the adoption of the Mongol Empire. He then moved quickly to China and westward, reaching the Industrials Valley about 1221. In the next three centuries, the Mongols remained the dominant power in the northwest of India < / St1: country-region>, gradually merge with the Turkish Muslim people.
Delhi Sultanate constantly engaged in warfare in its 300-year reign, subjects intermittent revolt of the nobles of the Bengal region, repelling incursions of the Mongols to the northwest, and the conquest and looting Hindu kingdoms as far south as Madurai in Tamil Nadu. Start with the Slave dynasty, the sultanate was ruled by a succession of five dynasties was before it was finally overthrown by the Mughal emperor Humayun in 1556. During the reign of the short-lived Khalji Dynasty (1290-1320), the warrior leader Alauddin financed successful campaigns to south India with a fixed system of local revenue. The next dynasty, that of the Tughluqs, weakened when Muhammad Tughluq moved his capital from Delhi to the more centrally located DaulatÄbÄd in an effort to assert more solid line on the southern regions. He lost control of the Delhi area, and nobles in the south and in Bengalis also their independence. In 1398 the Mongol conqueror Tamer Lane cases within India , sacking Delhi killings and its inhabitants. Tamer Lane retreating from India shortly after the bag Delhi , where the remnants of the empire to Mahmud, the last of the Tughluqs reigned from 1399 to 1413. Mahmud was succeeded by the Sayyid dynasty (1414-1451), under which the Delhi Sultanate fell to almost nothing. The Dynasty (1451-1526) , Van Afghan descent, later revival of the rule of Delhi over much of northern India , although it was unable to continue its military rule and a solid financial basis. The rest of India remained under the reign of other kings, some Muslim and some Hindu. The largest of these police authorities was the Hindu kingdom of Vijayanagar , which existed from 1336 to 1565, in what is now Karnataka.
Indians, converted to Islam in this era. One of the areas where a large majority of the Muslim population has become in the Punjab region, which by the end of the Sultanate of Delhi were in the context the rule of Muslim kings for more than 500 years. Muslims did marry Hindus (the founder of the dynasty Khalji was the offspring of a marriage), and Hindus did convert to Islam. In general, Muslim kings were far from tolerant, even despising their Hindu subjects, but there is no record of forced mass conversions. The zone now Bangladesh was also the overwhelming majority Muslim during this period. This area was predominantly Buddhist before the Muslims arrived. Even in the south India , where Hinduism -- - Revival inspired by the works of Shankara and others have the greatest influence, a small minority of the population is Muslim.
