• India
Introduction
Natural Regions
River And Lakes
Plants and Animal Life
Natural Resources
Climate
Environmental Issues
Principal Cities
Ethnic and Cultural Groups
Religion
Castes
Language
Education
Way of Life
Social Issues
Literature
Art and Architecture
Music and Dance
Theater and Film
Libraries and Museums
Labor
Agriculture
Forestry and Fishing
Mining
Manufacturing
Energy
Services and Tourism
Transportation
Communications
Foreign Trade
Currency and Banking
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Local Government
Political Parties
Social Services
Defense
International Organization
Indus Valley Civilization
Aryan Settlement and the Vedic Age
The Emergence of Kingdoms and Empires
The Mauryan Empire
The Post-Mauryan Kingdoms and Empires
The Gupta Dynasty
Regional Kingdoms after AD 500
Muslim and Mongol Invaders
Rise of the Mughals
Maratha Confederacy
The Europeans in India
The British Empire in India
British Expansion
Sepoy Rebellion
Rise of Indian Nationalism
The World Wars and the Emergence of Gandhi
Indian Independence
Territorial Consolidation
India Under Nehru
Indira Gandhi’s Rise to Power
Janata Government
Indira Gandhi Returns
The Rajiv Ganrnmentdhi Gove
Turmoil in India’s Government
Economic Reform
Recent Developments

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Janata Government

Rather than postpone elections again, Gandhi sought a popular mandate in hopes of reenergizing her regime. Although she did not lift the emergency provisions, she did release most of the opposition politicians, who were soon joined by a major defector from the Congress, Jagjivan Ram, a leader among those formerly called Untouchables. Coming together as the Janata (People’s) Party, these leaders soundly defeated the Congress in the 1977 elections, thus bringing about the first ruling party change of the national government since India became independent. The Congress Party split, and the faction loyal to Gandhi was renamed Congress (I), for Indira. The Janata government, which was headed by Morarji R. Desai, a survivor of the Congress old guard, was divided and ineffective, and the government collapsed after two years in power.